Glossary of Terms

Find answers about evaluations, documents, reports, translations, licensing requirements, and more.

Academic Documents

Course Description +

A summary of the content, objectives, and learning outcomes of a course.

Credential +

An academic award such as a diploma, certificate, degree, or other qualification issued by an educational institution.

Degree Certificate +

An official document confirming that a degree has been awarded.

Diploma +

A document awarded upon completion of a program of study.

Diploma Supplement +

A document that provides additional information about a credential, coursework, grading system, and qualification framework.

Marksheet +

A document used in some countries that lists examination results, grades, or marks earned.

Provisional Certificate +

A temporary document issued before the final diploma or degree certificate becomes available.

Statement of Marks +

An official document showing grades or examination results issued by an educational institution or examination authority.

Syllabus +

A detailed outline of a course, including topics, assignments, and instructional content.

Transcript +

An official record showing courses completed, grades earned, credits awarded, and academic results.

Document Integrity

Altered Document +

A document that has been modified after issuance without authorization.

Fraudulent Document +

A document that has been altered, falsified, forged, or misrepresented.

Inconsistent Record +

A document containing information that conflicts with other records or available evidence.

Document Status & Submission

Certified True Copy +

A copy certified by an authorized official as a true representation of the original document.

Institution-Sent Document +

A document transmitted directly from the issuing institution to ERES through an approved delivery method.

Notarized Document +

A document certified by a notary public. Notarization alone does not necessarily make a document official for evaluation purposes.

Official Document +

A document issued, authorized, or verified by the institution or appropriate authority according to ERES requirements.

Original Document +

The document originally issued by the institution rather than a copy or reproduction.

Photocopy +

A reproduced copy of an original document.

Sealed Document +

A document provided in a sealed envelope or secure format by the issuing institution.

Unofficial Document +

A document that does not meet ERES requirements for official status.

Verification +

The process of confirming the authenticity or accuracy of academic records.

ERES Services

Additional Copy +

An additional official report issued after the original evaluation has been completed.

Applicant Copy (Unofficial Copy) +

A copy of an evaluation report provided directly to the applicant for personal reference. It may not be accepted as an official report.

Date Awarded +

The date on which a credential was officially granted or conferred by the issuing institution.

Equivalency Insight +

ERES’s pre-evaluation service that provides an estimated U.S. equivalency before ordering a full evaluation.

EREShare +

ERES’s secure digital delivery platform for distributing official evaluation reports electronically.

Official Evaluation Report +

An evaluation report issued by ERES for official use by institutions, employers, licensing boards, and other authorized recipients.

Revision +

A review of a completed evaluation report based on newly submitted information, corrections, or updated requirements.

Rush Service +

An expedited processing option that reduces standard evaluation turnaround time for eligible applications.

Evaluation Types

Course Level Identification (Division) +

The classification of coursework as lower division, upper division, graduate level, professional studies, or another academic level.

Course-by-Course Evaluation +

A detailed evaluation that includes courses, grades, credits, GPA conversion, and U.S. equivalency.

General Evaluation (Document-by-Document Evaluation) +

An evaluation that identifies the U.S. equivalency of a completed credential without listing individual courses or grades.

Glossary of Terms +

A professional assessment that compares international education to the U.S. education system and provides a U.S. equivalency.

GPA Conversion +

The process of converting grades from another educational system into a U.S. grade point average (GPA).

Pre-Evaluation +

A preliminary review designed to provide an estimated U.S. equivalency before ordering a full evaluation.

Semester Units +

The U.S. credit value assigned to coursework based on instructional content and academic workload.

Institution & Recognition

Accreditation +

Official recognition granted to an institution or program by an authorized accrediting body.

Non-Recognized Institution +

An institution that lacks official recognition, authorization, or approval from the appropriate authority.

Program Recognition +

The official approval or recognition of a specific academic program by a professional or governmental authority.

Recognized Institution +

An institution authorized or recognized by the appropriate educational authority in its country.

Regionally Accredited Institution +

A U.S. institution accredited by one of the recognized regional accrediting organizations.

Licensing & Professional Evaluations

Board-Specific Evaluation +

An evaluation prepared according to the requirements of a specific licensing board or regulatory authority.

Clinical Hours +

Supervised practical training completed in a clinical setting as part of an academic program.

Practicum +

A supervised educational experience designed to provide practical training in a professional field.

Professional Licensing Evaluation +

A specialized evaluation prepared to meet licensing, certification, or regulatory requirements in a profession.

Theory Hours +

Classroom-based instructional hours completed as part of a program of study.

Training Hours +

Documented instructional, laboratory, clinical, practicum, or internship hours completed during a program.

Translation & Authentication

Apostille +

A certificate issued under the Hague Apostille Convention that authenticates the origin of a public document.

Authentication +

The process of confirming that a document has been properly issued or certified by the appropriate authority.

Certified Translation +

A translation accompanied by a statement confirming its completeness and accuracy.

Translation +

A written conversion of a document from one language into another.

Start Your

Evaluation Today

Choose the right evaluation and begin your application in minutes